题 目：CO2 Emission and Responsibility for Singapore: A Study by Input-Output Technique
主讲人：Toh Mun Heng博士(Department of Strategy & Policy, National University of Singapore)
时 间：2013年7月13日（星期六） 上午8:30-11:30
地 点：主楼241报告厅
主讲人简介：
    Dr. Toh Mun Heng is currently lecturing at the Department of Strategy & Policy, National University of Singapore. He obtained his doctoral degree in Economics and Econometrics from the University of London, London School of Economics. His research interests and publications are in the areas of econometric modeling, input-output analysis, international trade and investment, human resource development, productivity measurement, household economics and development strategies of emerging economies in the Asia Pacific. He has co-authored and edited several titles such as The Economics of Education and Manpower Development: Issues and Policies in Singapore; Health Policies in Singapore; Economic Impact of the Withdrawal of the GSP on Singapore; Challenge and Response: Thirty Years of the Economic Development Board; Public Policies in Singapore: A Decade of Changes; ASEAN Growth Triangles; Principles of Economics; Competitiveness of the Singapore Economy; Production Networks and Industrial Clusters: Integrating Economies in Southeast Asia..
内容简介：
    As a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol, Singapore has to play her parts in reducing CO2 emissions. The aim of this study is to estimate the amount of CO2 -the most important greenhouse gas- emissions, for the Singapore economy. Using the framework of the input-output model, the CO2 emissions in the Singapore economy are evaluated from 3 perspectives: production, consumption and trade balance standpoints. It is found that Singapore is a net importer of CO2. The impact of a carbon tax was assessed under two scenarios. In the first scenarios, industries are assumed to continue to use the same amount of fuel mix after the tax imposition; and in the second scenario, the industries are assumed to make adjustment to the inputs used according to the price elasticities obtained from the KLEM model. Sectoral price changes can be larger or smaller than those under the first scenario, though overall price level increase is smaller. Welfare changes and expenditure inequalities are evaluated with the consumption pattern assumed to follow the linear expenditure system (LES). The true cost of living, which is the expenditure that keeps the utility level unchanged, is noted to increase with the carbon tax. However, the distribution of consumption expenditure, measured by the Gini coefficient, has become marginally smaller, indicating improvement in equity.