Master of Public Administration (MPA) is a professional degree for public managers, training high-level, comprehensive, application-oriented expertise in public affairs, public administration and public policy aspects, and training for government agencies and non-governmental public organizations specialized managers and policy analysts possessing modern public management theory and public policy literacy, mastering advanced analytical methods and techniques, and proficient in a particular policy area. Unlike an academic degree, it more emphasizes on the practical needs of specific angencies or occupations rather than theoretical research; and unlike Master of Business Administration (MBA), it is mainly for the public sector rather than enterprises and businesses.